A Level Biology Practice Exam

The correct response identifies inflammation as a complex biological response triggered by a variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. When tissues are subjected to injury or infection, the body initiates an inflammatory response as a protective mechanism. This process involves the release of signaling molecules, activation of immune cells, and increased blood flow to the affected area, all of which work together to eliminate the harmful stimuli and begin the healing process.

The other options describe specific scenarios or factors but do not encompass the broader definition of inflammation itself. For instance, while the binding of antibodies to foreign particles is part of the immune response, it is a component rather than a direct cause of inflammation. Similarly, a viral invasion may lead to inflammation, but not all cases of inflammation are caused solely by viruses. Lastly, the buildup of excess glucose in the blood is related to metabolic issues such as diabetes and does not inherently cause inflammation in the way that direct tissue responses to pathogens or injury does.